This could be missable if you never pay attention to the quest information. A C.A.M.P. device allows you to create, build, modify, and establish a base of operations. After you leave the Vault, head southeast to the Wayward, where Duchess and her comrade will give you some introduction lessons thanks to the Overseer's own C.A.M.P. To establish your own, you might have to go elsewhere, but simply bring up your PipBoy and then press L1. Once the C.A.M.P. lights up green, you are able to place it.