This trophy cannot be obtained on the first playthrough, as one of the Personas is exclusive to New Game+: One Who Rebels Against God (Hidden)
Even though you cannot revisit previous dungeons, all Personas that are not fusion-exclusive can be obtained through negotiation in Mementos. Even if you do miss out on one of the earlier ones and are too strong to do negotiation, you can always fuse down into that Persona. Additionally, once you get the Chariot Confidant rank to 7, you get the ability Insta-kill, which can potentially get you the Persona you need without negotiation.
Below is a list of Personas that can only be fused after maxing out that Arcana's Confidant. The majority of these are Special Fusions whose materials are listed, but 3 can only be Normal Fused with specific Personas.
Fool Vishnu
Magician Futsunushi
Priestess Cybele
Empress Mother Harlot
Emperor Odin
Hierophant Kohryu
Lovers Ishtar
Chariot Chi-You
Justice Metatron
Hermit Ongyo-ki
Fortune Lakshmi
Strength Zaou-Gongen
Hanged Man Attis
Death Alice
Temperance Ardha
Devil Beelzebub
Tower Mada Star Lucifer
Moon Sandalphon
Sun Asura
Judgement Satan
Death 79 Alice
Devil 62 Nebiros + Devil 68 Belial
Judge 82 Shiva
Magician 48 Rangda + Emperor 52 Barong
Temper 84 Ardha
Lovers 56 Parvati + Judge 82 Shiva
For those concerned, you do not need the DLC Personas to complete this trophy.