To get this trophy you must complete the quest "The Way of the Voice" which is a part of the main story and cannot be missed.
*** Spoiler - click to reveal *** You will start "The Way of the Voice" after you have killed the dragon attacking the Whiterun watch tower and return to the Jarl of Whiterun. He will then task you with visiting the Greybeards in High Hrothgar.
Follow the quest icon on your map until you get to Ivarstead which is where the beginning of the path to High Hrothgar is. At the base of the path you also have the option to speak to Klimmek who will give you a bag of supplies to deliver to the Greybeards. Be prepared to fight a few wolves and a frost troll on the way up the mountain. Once you reach the top their will be an empty chest just outside of High Hrothgar,. Drop Klimmek's supplies in the chest if you took them from him earlier.
Once inside you will speak with Arngeir and begin doing a short tutorial on dragon shouts. In this section you will learn the second word of power for Unrelenting Force and you will also learn the new shout, Whirlwind Sprint. Once these tutorials are completed, speak to Arngeir to finish the quest and get the trophy.
*Cross posted from Skyrim (PS3) Trophy Guide